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Eclipse of Thales
The Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus accurately predicted a solar eclipse, according to ''The Histories'' of Herodotus. If Herodotus's account is accurate, this eclipse is the earliest recorded as being known in advance of its occurrence. Many historians believe that the predicted eclipse was the solar eclipse of May 28, 585 BC.〔(This date is based on the proleptic Julian calendar, which does not include a "year zero"; astronomically the year is -584.)〕 How exactly Thales predicted the eclipse remains uncertain; some historians claim the eclipse was never predicted at all.〔 Others have argued for different dates.〔(Stephenson, F. Richard, and Louay J. Fatoohi. "Thale's Prediction of a Solar Eclipse." Journal for the History of Astronomy 28 (1997): 279 )〕
According to Herodotus, the appearance of the eclipse was interpreted as an omen, and interrupted a battle in a long-standing war between the Medes and the Lydians. The fighting immediately stopped, and they agreed to a truce. Because astronomers can calculate the dates of historical eclipses, Isaac Asimov described this battle as the earliest historical event whose date is known with precision to the day.〔(Happy Birthday to Science ), by Tom Mandel, at the Chicago Sun-Times (archived at HighBeam Research); published May 28, 1990; retrieved April 11, 2014〕
==Herodotus's account==
Herodotus's ''The Histories'' 1.73-74 states that a war started in the period between the Medes and the Lydians. There were two reasons for the war; the two sides' clashing interests in Anatolia, but also there was a motive of revenge. Some Scythian hunters employed by the Medes who once returned empty-handed were insulted by King Cyaxares. In revenge the hunters slaughtered one of his sons and served him to the Medes. The hunters then fled to Sardis, the capital of the Lydians. When Cyaxares asked for the Scythians to be returned to him, Alyattes II refused to hand them over; in response, the Medes invaded.
As part of the terms of the peace agreement, Alyattes's daughter Aryenis was married to Cyaxares's son Astyages, and the Halys River (now known as the Kızılırmak River) was declared to be the border of the two warring nations.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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